CVD反应器传输过程的三维数学模型

提出了一个同时表示CVD过程的气体流动、温度分布和物质传输的三维数学模型。应用这个模型预报了在含有SiCl_4的氢气流中沉积出Si的锥台式反应器中的速度场、温度场和浓度场。所得的结果有助于增进对这类反应器中的传输过程的认识,模型亦可用于设计参数的最优化,诸如入口流量,锥台倾角等。     

脉冲电压法检测空心电抗器的FFT波形特征及其故障判别方法

脉冲电压法是检测空心电抗器匝间绝缘故障的有效方法,但其时域检测波形的故障特征识别难度大,本文提出利用其FFT波形特征来判别故障的方法。通过有限元法计算了空心电抗器不同部位故障时线圈组非故障各层线圈电感值及线圈组总电感值的变化规律。为线圈组模型添加脉冲振荡回路,将得到的电抗器两端电压的时域波形利用FFT转换为频域波形。对比分析了不同故障部位的FFT波形变化特征,认为不同故障部位的空心电抗器FFT波形衰减谐振频率的变化是由电感值的变化引起的,为频域故障判据提供了数学支持。以故障线圈组的FFT波形峰值点对应频率为判据,提出了基于FFT波形特征的电抗器故障及故障程度的判别方法,并进行了实例验证。所得结果进一步拓展了脉冲电压法检测空心电抗器匝间短路故障的有效性和精确性,为进一步准确判断空心电抗器匝间短路缺陷提供了方法指导。     

IC卡登录监控系统

随着工业生产管理便捷性和安全性需求日益增加,IC卡登录监控系统越来越受工厂欢迎。本文介绍了实际设备中用到的IC卡登录监控系统的关键技术,涉及到C#,Delphi,数据库,以及该技术应用到工厂设备的成果。其他类似需要登录权限管理的系统,都可以参考该技术,实现IC卡登录。     

金属氢化物储氢反应器放氢特性的数值模拟

为了研究金属氢化物储氢反应器放氢过程的热质传递特性,本文建立了金属氢化物反应器的二维轴对称数学模型。此反应器内装填了Ti0.95Zr0.05Mn1.55V0.45Fe0.09储氢合金和膨胀石墨组成的复合压块。通过与文献中实验数据的对比验证了所建立模型的有效性。论文考察了换热流体温度、流体平均流速和氢气排出压力变化对金属氢化物反应器放氢过程的影响,比较了优化操作参数和基准操作参数下的放氢性能。并对优化操作参数下放氢反应过程特征进行了分析。模拟结果表明：换热管附近床层区域的换热效果更好,放氢反应进行得更快。当换热流体温度从313.15K升高到353.15K时,放氢时间从17100s降低到了6700s。虽然提高换热流体平均流速可以缩短反应器的放氢反应时间,但其强化效果是很有限的。当换热流体流速超过3m/s时,氢化物床与换热管壁之间的接触热阻成为整个传热过程的主要热阻,增加流速的强化效果已不明显。优化后的操作参数为：氢气排出压力为0.3MPa、换热流体温度为353.15K、换热流体平均流速为3m/s。与基准操作参数相比,放氢反应时间缩短了约56%,对操作参数的优化能够显著地提高反应器的放氢速率。Ti0.95Zr0.05Mn1.55V0.45Fe0.09合金的放氢反应过程仅仅在前4s内主要受氢气压力的控制,而随后的反应过程主要是受传热过程控制。     

膜曝气提升菌藻生物膜反应器效能及稳定性

比较曝气头曝气以及膜曝气两种曝气方式支持的菌藻共生系统在不同的运行条件下对污染物的去除效能,探讨去除机理。结果表明,以膜曝气为基础的MABAR对氨氮、总氮、磷、化学需氧量（COD）的去除负荷相对于以曝气头曝气为基础的HABAR,最高分别提升1.44、21.22、3.08、52.09 kg/m²/m³。藻类积累方面,MABAR在5个阶段的积累量都高于HABAR,最高提升15.17 mg/cm²。这不但归因于膜曝气良好的无吹脱和高效的碳化能力为自养藻类提供了充足的无机碳,而且膜曝气为一些十分有利于藻类生长的细菌,例如Acidovorax、Rhodobacter和Acinetobacter,提供了良好的生存环境。MABAR不但能够提升去除效能,还能够促使光生物膜反应器抵抗冲击,维持稳定,这对未来光生物反应器的实际应用提供了一种新的运行方式。     

Simulation study on the gasification process of Ningdong coal with iron-based oxygen carrier

Chemical looping gasification (CLG) of Ningdong coal by using Fe₂O₃ as the oxygen carriers (OCs) was studied, and the gasification characteristics were obtained. A computation fluid dynamics (CFD) model based on Eulerian‐-Lagrangian multiphase framework was established, and a numerical simulation the coal chemical looping gasification processes in fuel reactor (FR) was investigated. In addition, the heterogeneous reactions, homogeneous reactions and Fe₂O₃ oxygen carriers' reduction reactions were considered in the gasification process. The characteristics of gas flow and gasification in the FR were analyzed and it was found that the experiment results were consistent with the simulation values. The results show that when the O/C mole rate was 0.5:1, the gasification temperature was 900 ℃ and the water vapor volume flow rate was 2.2 ml·min^-1, the mole fraction of syngas reached a maximum value of the experimental result and simulation value were 71.5% and 70.2%, respectively. When the O/C mole rate was 0.5:1, the gasification temperature was 900 ℃, and the water vapor volume flow was 1.8 ml·min^-1; the gasification efficiency reached the maximum value was 62.2%, and the maximum carbon conversion rate was 84.0%.     

Experimental determination of gas holdup and volumetric mass transfer coefficient in a jet bubbling reactor

The hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of a lab-scale jet bubbling reactor(JBR) including the gas holdup, volumetric mass transfer coefficient and specific interfacial area were assessed experimentally investigating the influence of temperature, p H and superficial gas velocity. The reactor diameter and height were 11 and 30 cm,respectively. It was equipped with a single sparger, operating at atmospheric pressure, 20 and 40℃, and two p H values of 3 and 6. The height of the liquid was 23 cm, while the superficial gas velocity changed within 0.010–0.040 m·s~(-1) range. Experiments were conducted with pure oxygen as the gas phase and saturated lime solution as the liquid phase. The liquid-side volumetric mass transfer coefficient was determined under unsteady-state oxygen absorption in a saturated lime solution. The gas holdup was calculated based on the liquid height change, while the specific interfacial area was obtained by a physical method based on the bubble size distribution(BSD) in different superficial gas velocities. The results indicated that at the same temperature but different p H, the gas holdup variation was negligible, while the liquid-side volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the p H value of 6 was higher than that at the p H = 3. At a constant p H but different temperatures, the gas holdup and the liquid-side volumetric mass transfer coefficients at 40℃ were higher than that of the same at 20℃. A reasonable and appropriate estimation of the liquid-side volumetric mass transfer coefficient(kla) in a pilot-scale JBR was provided which can be applied to the design and scale-up of JBRs.     

Balanced multiple weighted linear discriminant analysis and its application to visual process monitoring

Visual process monitoring is important in complex chemical processes. To address the high state separation of industrial data, we propose a new criterion for feature extraction called balanced multiple weighted linear discriminant analysis(BMWLDA). Then, we combine BMWLDA with self-organizing map(SOM) for visual monitoring of industrial operation processes. BMWLDA can extract the discriminative feature vectors from the original industrial data and maximally separate industrial operation states in the space spanned by these discriminative feature vectors. When the discriminative feature vectors are used as the input to SOM, the training result of SOM can differentiate industrial operation states clearly.This function improves the performance of visual monitoring. Continuous stirred tank reactor is used to verify that the class separation performance of BMWLDA is more effective than that of traditional linear discriminant analysis, approximate pairwise accuracy criterion, max–min distance analysis, maximum margin criterion, and local Fisher discriminant analysis. In addition, the method that combines BMWLDA with SOM can effectively perform visual process monitoring in real time.     

锆合金疖状腐蚀研究综述

疖状腐蚀是沸水堆中锆合金表面经常发生的1种局部腐蚀现象，它的产生直接影响包壳管的使用寿命和反应堆的安全性，为了全面认识疖状腐蚀的发生、发展及其控制因素，本文总结了国内外疖状腐蚀研究方面的一些主要成果，介绍了疖状蚀斑的形貌、形成机理以及及影响因素。在形成机制方面，目前主要有KUWAE的氢积聚模型和周邦新的形核长大模型。在疗状腐蚀的影响因素方面，认为主要有表面影响、热处理影响、合金成分影响、第二组影响、辐照影响等。最后指出了提高材料抗疗状腐蚀性能的工艺措施：提高Fe Cr含量、降低Sn含量、昼减少淬火后的退火次数和退火温度、降低锆合金制品的表面粗糙可以有效提高锆合金的抗疖状腐蚀能力，最根本的措施还是使用含铌新锆合金。     

中国的钛工业概况

对近年来轻水反应堆用锆合金材料的发展及其应用研究中一些主要技术问题和标准要求进行了综合述评。